ThroneWorld Enterprises presents:
LORDS OF THE EARTH
CAMPAIGN 4 - COMETS & CARNOSAURS
Turn #63 ( 1409-1412 ) GM: Rich Lloyd

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Usury: Papal Decree - Restrictions Lifted.
Islamic nations ALWAYS have Usury restrictions.

MaxTax: still at 1.85.

Backslide: If a megalithic construction is overdue (time requirement paid, but gold/nfp not) it may backslide by 10-25% per turn down to nothing.

Construction efficiency: In calculating the time requirement of megalithic construction, use 4 years per level. What previously took 5 years can now be done in 4 thanks to the spread of Renaissance knowledge.

Inexperienced units: Your new build chart does not include prices for inexperienced units. Such units cannot be built. They are reserved for special circumstances such as a cavalry unit moving below the TseTse line and becoming inexperienced infantry.

Stat sheet units: to standardize for mutual benefit to GM and players, units on stat sheets are displayed in the following order - forts, cavalry, infantry, seige, artillery, warships, transports. Within each category they are displayed light to heavy.

Stat sheet notes: mention of bridges and roads have been removed since I see them on the map when I'm moving leaders. I reserve the notes area for unique megalithic constructs or extra details about the region or city.

Mercs & Mercenary Leaders: If you hire any of the mercenaries available in an area, you must hire the leader also. OR the leader may be hired alone and has retainers like any other leader type.

Base or Harbor? The trade route Base is the port your trade is traced from to determine it's distance. The Harbor is where the ships show up on your stat sheet - it can be any port you control such that it's not separated by land from the route it services. See 5.2.2.

Having children: If your king has no queen, this command will result in children with palace concubines. There will be a greater chance of children but having different mothers could lead to later intrigues. If your king is ordered to marry and then HC, a noblewoman will be chosen as queen from among friendly regions or cities. If your king's marriage is in support of diplomacy, then the queen's name and origin will be tracked.

Dynastic Failure: I'm not a big enthusiast of DF's, figuring nations have enough to worry about with "outside" problems like their neighbors, secret empires, etc. If the ruler dies and there is an heir, he or she will become the new ruler. If there is no official heir but a P-leader (Prince or Princess) exists, he or she will become the new ruler. If there are minor children, a Regent will be appointed, or the queen or consort may simply declare they will be Regent. (Of course, it will remain to be seen if the P-leader or Regent yields the throne when a minor child comes of age. But at least in the short run a DF has been avoided.) If there is no heir, no P-leaders and no minor children, then anything can happen.

Counter Intel: I play CI is the way to check for enemy infiltration. Use RF to look for enemy leaders. Use CA to guard against assassination.

New rulebooks: Assume Lords4 uses the most recent rulebooks.

Exploration: text will be written in blue to showcase exploring the Unknown. I get into this.

COLOR CODED NATION HEADERS: The Colors coded on each nation represents your technology level. Tech 1, 2, & 3, Tech 4, Tech 5, Tech 6, Tech 7, Tech 8, Tech 9, and Tech 10.


MERCENARIES
North Asia: 23c, 17i, 12s, 8w, 8t
Leader: Chang MB68

SE Asia: 20c, 40i, 10s, 7w
Leader: Sitang M997

SW Asia: 10c, 10i, 10s, 10w
Leader: Gumbwnanna M997

Mid East/Nile/Arabia: 12c, 4i, 9s, 10w
Leader: Garhib M92A

Rest of Africa: 6c (above tse-tse line), 10i, 10s, 20w, 5ht
Leader: Tungalo M787

Europe: 21c, 19ei, 18i, 10s, 10w, 5ht
Leader: Simon MA6B


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EUROPE
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The Empire of Aragon
Henry III the Infirm, King of Castille, Emperor of Aragon, Restorer of the Faith
Diplomacy: Galacia(F) Bastia in Corsica(NT) Salamanca(T)
Growth: Madiera in Granada
      Henry continued to invest in Aragon's growth. The port of Madiera was expanded, a royal road built between rural Valencia and the city of Cordoba in Murcia, and a cultivation project begun in the wilderness of Asturias.
      Henry ruled, and as running Aragon was a lot of work, he replaced the inept Bishop Francesco Sforza with Prince Don Dantae as his administrative assistant. Alas, after several years of failed audits, misplaced supplies, unpaid workers and general chaos it was apparent that Don Dantae was even more incompetent. Dantae's only accomplishment was siring a son with his wife in 1409.
      General Caballero traveled from Portugal to Galacia, meeting frequently with Concha, Count of Galacia. After long negotiations - including the offer for royal daughter Catherine to marry the Count's heir upon her 15th birthday - it was agreed for Galacia to fully join Aragon. The Count, age 60, retired to his estate and vineyards.
      However Don Sanatgo did not have equivalent success with his diplomatic mission. For years he met with Solenzara of Bastia on the island of Corsica, hoping to talk him into becoming closer than a feudal ally. But one night there was a commotion at the city hall, and Don Sanatgo was confronted soon afterward by the night watch who had caught several of his retainers in the act of searching city records, apparently for anything Don Sanatgo could use as "leverage" in negotiating. Oops! The whole Aragon delegation was expelled from the city, and a furious Solenzara renounced his feudal oath.
      Meanwhile General Fernando, both a military man and a diplomat, traveled to Salamanca where he met with village leaders. By the end of 1412 he'd persuaded them to become tributary to Aragon.
      Missionaries were sent to Talavera to bring Christianity to the Muslims. Despite bringing lots of expensive sacramental cups and plates, crosses etc, to impress the village mayors, they had no luck gaining converts. Perhaps their Faith was not strong enough...

The Empire of Greater Britannia
Geoffery I, Emperor of Greater Britannia, Grand Duke of Flanders, Keeper of the Irish Talisman of Faith
Diplomacy: None
Growth: Paris in Ile de France, Ponthieu, Brittany
      Geoffery ordered Paris expanded and its defensive walls made even stronger. Its riverfront shipyards worked ceaselessly to produce merchant vessels for internal trade down the Seine and across the Channel. Agents of the King checked the papers of all foreigners but there were no reports of arrests.
      Vast public works programs resulted in water and sewage lines, fountains, libraries and theaters in Paris, Amboise and Dreux. In Strathclyde extensive irrigation systems, silos and gristmills were built to assist agriculture.
      Even more breathtaking in scope was the mass movement of population and building materials into Ponthieu and Brittany, resulting in new towns, farms and businesses.
      Geoffery remarried in 1409 but Death seemed to be stalking the palace. His wife, pregnant in 1410, lost her balance coming down the steps from the battlements and plummeted into the courtyard in the path of a heavily laden 4-horse drawn wagon which could not stop in time. Geoffrey found comfort in the arms of the late queen's Lady-in-Waiting. Pregnant in 1412, she got into an argument with the late queen's sister, who accused her of pushing the pregnant queen down the steps. In anger the Lady slapped the sister, who in fury drew a blade and stabbed her repeatedly, screaming, "murdering harlot!" Geoffrey ordered his latest love buried next to his previous wives. His former sister-in-law, being of noble birth, escaped the axe for her actions but was confined in solitary to the windswept north tower.
     

The Republic of Sweden (prev Kalmar)
Gudrun Ericson, Altkansler of the Kalmar Senate
Diplomacy: Hordaland(No Effect)
      Gundrun poured funds into Sweden's development. A royal road from Norway to Hordaland was completed, and extensive aqueducts and irrigation ditches were dug. Bynnar Gunnarson, in Hordaland representing Sweden to local leaders, was to point out the new road and public works as reasons to become more friendly to Sweden. He was a poor diplomat however, and stated his case badly. The locals were not moved to be more than Allies.
      Cultivation was begun in distant Estonia. Public inns, marinas and docks were built along Musa's coastline. As Musa had become friendly to Sweden only the previous year, its people were quickly reaping the benefits.
      Gundrun and her husband produced a boy in 1409 and a girl in 1410. Both births were marked with national celebrations with free food for everyone in Sweden!
      Meanwhile work continued on a road from Lorhar Jarvi to Oulanka. The workers, laboring northward closer and closer to the Arctic Circle, suffered increasingly from frostbite, or had accidents when tools slipped from numb fingers. This despite layers of clothing, gloves and boots. In the brief summer months when the permafrost thawed slightly, the millions of hatching mosquitoes made life a nightmare.
      In 1412 the ArchDruid sent a message from the Sacred Grove to the Queen: "My Lady, it is with dismay I have learned of the suffering of our laborers as they near the Arctic Circle. Such suffering is a sign from nature that Man was not meant to enter such unnatural lands. I implore you to stop construction before this road to the frozen lands disturbs things which are best left sleeping."

The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
Henry II, King of Bavaria, Kaiser of the German Reich, Roman Emperor of the West
Diplomacy: Latium(A) Spoleto(T) Bohemia(No Effect) Veronia(EA) Liguria(EA)
Growth: St. Petersburg in Verona, Hanover in Westphalia, Tyre in Tyrol, Florence in Tuscany, Rennes in Thuringia, Bern in Switzerland, Baden in Swabia, Piza in Spoleto, Jutland in Saxony, Olso in Pommern, Bremen in Lausatia, Navarone in Calabria, Bavaria in Franconia, Marseilles in Provence, Lyons in Lyonnais
      Henry II continued to build all aspects of infrastructure of the Holy Roman Empire. Surplus population from the countryside was sent to increase no less than 15 cities. Royal roads were completed linking all southern Italy in a complex web, bringing increased prosperity to its inhabitants. Numerous museums, opera houses, theaters, public inns, sewage and water systems were built in Navarone, Piza, Oslo, Bremen, Utrecht and Lyons. Everywhere one looked there was building, expansion, and optimism for the future.
      Prince Justin remained to Latium to hold talks. He formed an immediate friendship with the count of the region, and amid banquets, boar hunting and attending theater, it was agreed Latium would become an ally of the Empire, and the count's sister Maria would marry Henry II in early 1410. They were wed in the great cathedral in Frankfurt.
      The Emperor and Maria soon produced a sizable crop of royal children: a daughter in late 1410 and twins (boy and girl) in 1411. Surely thought Henry as he held court, emperess at his side and royal children nearby, this is the best of all possible worlds.
      Count Abernathy in Spoleto met with local leaders, pointing out the benefits of close association with the Empire such as the royal road being built. Although not a good speaker, he had moderate success.
      Count Andress meanwhile was sent to Bohemia, which was tributary to both the Germans and the Poles. Arriving late fall of 1409, he noted a number of Polish field forts - wooden pallisades and towers behind dry moats - freshly built along access routes and fords. Bohemia is becoming too Polish for the Emperor's liking, he thought, and began meeting with the local nobility, German-speakers like himself. While hunting late in 1410 he, several nobles, and their retainers were caught in the mountain forests of the Bohmerwald by an unexpected blizzard and lost their way. Search parties found their bodies two weeks later.
      Baron Black, conqueror of St. Petersburg, was ordered into surrounding rural Verona to confer with local leaders. He had an uphill battle since they weren't very pleased with Imperial actions, but he gradually won them over by promising Prince Justin, brother of the Emperor, would marry a Veronan noblewoman. By 1412 a treaty of economic alliance was signed.
      Simultaneously, diplomacy was also afoot in Liguria. Duke Rupert also faced a wary local nobility, but he too was able to win a treaty of economic alliance.
      Baron Marcus, a Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, worked tirelessly to increase the faith of the Empire. He was assisted by priests from many parishes. By the end of 1412 he could claim with satisfaction a noted increase in church attendance.

The Roman Catholic Church
Boniface IX, Bishop of Rome, Pontiff of the Apostolic & Reformist Catholic Church, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Servant of the Servants of God
Consecration: None
      Boniface IX, feeling the Church was in need of strengthening, convened a Synod in 1409 to discuss matters of procedure, ceremony, and doctrine. Many points were discussed and by 1412 a new sense of purpose and stronger Faith resulted.
      There remained only the problem of John Huss1 in Bohemia. Huss - a learned man, indeed a university rector - had been influenced by the writings of a man from Britannia named Wycliffe. These writings were a condemnation of authoratative, traditional, ceremonial religion. Wycliffe had argued - and Huss was teaching - that Man could and should know God as in Biblical times, without need for layers of Church hierarchy. Clearly such teachings were dangerous. But what to do?

     1Historically the Church excommunicated John Huss in 1412. Here, that has not yet happened.

Kingdom of Poland
Lech, King of the Poles
Diplomacy: Bochnia(No Effect) Bohema(EA)
      King Lech ordered the government bureaucracy expanded to accomodate Poland's growing size. Sea trade was initiated with Sweden. In 1410 Little Poland became fully cultivated and Lech presided over celebrations. Realizing Polish cities were without defensive walls, Lech ordered walls built for each of them, and breathed a sigh of relief when the job was completed.
      Besides ruling, the King - a lusty man despite middle age - bedded many of the palace servant women (the attractive ones at least) sometimes two or three in a single night. This produced a daughter in 1409, a son in 1410 and another daughter in 1411. Some of the people thought this unseemly behavior in a monarch, whilst others felt proud to have such a virile king.
      Count Grzegorz traveled to Bochnia to persuade its ruler, Baron Blasius, to join his lands to the Polish crown. But Grzegorz was no diplomat and he made no progress with the stubborn Blasius.
      In early 1412, the King rode to Bohemia, word having reached him of the arrival, diplomatic manuverings and eventual death of Count Andress of the Holy Roman Empire. Insolent German, sticking his nose in where he doesn't belong, thought Lech. He began his own discussions with the Bohemian lord Ziska, offering to make one of his daughters his queen. A treaty of economic alliance was signed, and the now 49 year old Lech married Breznice, the 17 year old daughter of Baron Brutno.
      Shortly after the wedding, while touring Bohemia with his new queen, Lech became aware of the teachings of John Huss. [See Roman Catholic Church.] The King had a bad feeling that this man Huss and his followers would lead to trouble.

The Avar Kingdom of Hungary
Stefan I, Khan of the Avars, Lord of the Steppe
Diplomacy: Slovakia(FA) Moldavia(C)
      Newly crowned King Stefan's first order of business was to bring the regions which had revolted against Hungarian rule back into the Kingdom. To this end lieutenants were dispatched and the army increased. The cultivation of Carpathia was finished at the end of 1410 and he marked this with a festival.
      Lord Balaton met with the angry leaders of Slovakia - recently cultivated at great expense to the Kingdom - and offered for Stefan to marry one of their noblewomen if they rejoined Hungary. Thus they would be assured a voice in ruling. After much argument the Slovaks agreed to become Feudal Allies. In late 1412 Stefan, 46, married Orovska, 23, daughter of Count Tisovec, in ceremony in the palace in Budapest.
      Meanwhile Lord Csaba left loyal Bucharest to meet with the rebellious rural leaders of Moldavia. A seasoned diplomat, he spoke well, playing on mutual Eastern Orthodox beliefs, that it was God's will they be part of Hungary. Eventually the rebels agreed the crown had claim on Moldavia, but would not go farther. Better than nothing, considered Csaba.

The Byzantine Empire
Justinian, Eastern Roman Emperor, Master of the Scholae, Patriarch of Constantinople
Diplomacy: Vasi(EA) Serbia(No Effect) Bosnia(EA) Epirus(No Effect)
Growth: Ephesia in Lydia, Volos in Thessaly
      Basil oversaw the completion of the cultivation of Pontus, and continuing work in Illyria and Vasi. The royal road linking Attica and Morea to Thessaly (and thence to the rest of the Empire) was finished. Large numbers of statues, curbed streets, sewers, storm drains and water systems were built in Ismootol, Ephesia, Mesolongi and Corinth. The latter two cities were also encircled with high, thick defensive walls with many towers.
      Amid this progress, there came to Justinian disturbing reports. Annoyed citizens in various quarters of the capital were complaining to their priests and the city guard that they had been approached by strangers questioning the beliefs of Eastern Orthodoxy. The strangers were clearly trying to fill them with doubts. Several of the strangers - having underestimated their audience's faith - had been chased. While they had evaded capture (Constantinople being a very large city) they had dropped objects in their flight, which were recovered - bibles, rosary beads and other artifacts of the Roman Catholic faith. Arrogant Papists! thought Justinian.
      Justinian's wife died in 1409 attempting to birth a tenth child. For a year the Emperor grieved, then, tradition served, spent time with his concubines, siring a son in 1411 and a daughter in 1412.
      In 1407, distant Vasi, on the rim of the Empire, had ceased paying its taxes upon the death of Basil. Justinian sent his oldest son Anastasios from Constantinople to the steppes of Vasi, where he joined Prince Costas. Together they negotiated with unhappy Khan Makhach. Even more unhappy when his guards caught several of Costas' retainers ransacking his tent! Fortunately Anastasios calmed the Khan with an offer: should Makhach ally with the Empire, Anastasios would wed one of his daughters. With much talking and drinking, a deal was struck, and Anastasios married Kala, oldest daughter of the Khan in 1412.
      Meanwhile Prince Nikos met with local Serbian clan leaders to expand upon the Empire's claim on that region. Nikos' command of the Slavic tongue was poor, and he inadvertantly suggested the clan leaders were the products of peasant women mating with goats. Enraged, they ordered a surprised Nikos and his retainers seized and imprisoned in a remote mountain fort.
      Castor, in nearby Bosnia, fared far better, but then he had the prospect of marriage between the Emperor's brother Aggamemnon and a Bosnian noblewoman to entice the local leaders. The Bosnians signed a treaty of economic alliance and the Lady Tisa was sent to Constantinople.
      Haphaestus negotiated with the mountain clan leaders of Epirus with no such reward to offer. They proved stubborn and suspicious. Worse, one day in late 1410 a clan leader said several of Haphaestus' assistants offered him a bribe to speak in favor of the Empire. The chief added, "they no longer have tongues to make such offers." Shocked, Haphaestus left the meeting hall and, brooding on the failure of his mission, and drank heavily at a nearby tavern. Stumbling home late at night, he passed out and froze to death in the bitter December cold.

The Varangian Empire of Russia
Ivan II, Tsar of all the Russias, Kniaz of Vlatim
Diplomacy: Kirivitch(A) Daugava(EA) Muscovy(FA) Lithuania(EA)
      Ivan ordered a royal road built from Polotsk through the wilderness to Kur, and construction began. Forts were built to better defend important regions. Being rather unorganized, Ivan was assisted in ruling by the extremely efficient Mikhail. This left Ivan time to spend with the Czarina, who had daughters in 1409, 1411 and 1412.
      The handsome, well-dressed Dimitri, favorite of the ladies of the Court, was sent to Kirivitch to sweet talk the local boyars. They agreed in early 1411 to fully ally with Russia. Dimitri rode on to Daugava confident of success. The local nobles were deeply suspicious of Russia and its organized religion. Despite this and language problems, Dimitri was able to obtain a treaty of economic alliance.
      Meanwhile the warrior-diplomat Petr was in talks with the boyars of Muscovy. After a many feasts and much vodka, they finally swore to consider the Czar their lord. Next riding west, Petr met with Lithuanian nobles, and in time they agreed to an economic alliance.

The White Order of Saint Demetrius
Cherina Rumitsav, Grand Mistress of the White Order
Diplomacy:
      Grand Mistress Cherina, aware of the horde-breeding expanse of Asia stretching to the east, worked on the defenses of the Order. Walls were improved, additional soldiers trained, and earthen field forts built in strategic locations.
      Not all expenditures were military. Sewers and water pipes were installed in the capital of St. Jean, and public inns for travelers built in the Kuban. Cherina was assisted in administration by Lord Kalinin, who proved average on the job.
      Cherina found time amidst ruling to spend with her Consort, and she bore sons in 1409 and 1410, twin daughters in 1411, and another son in 1412. Painted wooden icons of "St. Cherina" were bought by childless women and placed by the marriage bed. Knowing it would be many years before her children would be of age to rule, she named Natasha, charasmatic young wife of aged Prince Eremenko, as her Heir.
      Eremenko, meanwhile, rode to the Kuban to meet with its Baron. He pointed to the inns built by Cherina as an example of what the White Order can do for its friends. By late 1410, after much cross-country riding, hunting and feasting, the Baron agreed to an economic treaty. Soon afterward he died in his sleep at age 57. His son Kavkaz followed him as Baron.

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North ASIA
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The Empire of Nippon
Kichiro, Regent of Nippon
Diplomacy: Edo in Kwanto(T) Kumamoto in Saga(NT) Kagoshima(NT)
      Shogun Takedasan dispatched leaders in all directions on diplomatic missions. Prince Hokkaido Najar rode to Edo where he began charming the city elders. Likewise did Kichiro in Kumamoto, and Fujiwara in Kagoshima. All had moderate success.
      The Shogun himself oversaw his project to move Nippon from a clan to open society. Towards the end of 1410 the Shogun - an old man at 60 by the standards of the day - died peacefully in his sleep.
      The Prince, realizing Takedasan's sons were not yet old enough to rule, bid his hosts in Edo - who by that time had been smooth-talked into becoming tributary - goodbye and hastened back to the capital. Now, he thought, I shall restore the clans to their rightful power. But his reign was brief, for at the end of 1411 during a heated argument with the old Shogun's advisors he felt a terrible pain in his chest, collapsed and died. As they had championed the old Shogun's plan of eliminating clan structure, the advisors breathed a sigh of relief even as they made the Prince's funeral arrangements.
      When Kuchiro received the news during a banquet in Kumamoto, he ordered one of the members of his diplomatic party to continue the negotiations while he rode at speed back to the capital. A former tutor of the young sons of Takedasan, he solemly assumed the job of Regent until such time as the eldest, Takeda Tamasaki, came of age.

The Glorious Empire of Bei Song
Hun Seng, Emperor of the Manchu, Explorer of the Northern Lands
Diplomacy: Rongjiang in Sungari(C) Khungari(C)
Growth: Kwangdu in East Kur
      Early in 1409 a messenger arrived in Kwangdu at the court of the Emperor Hun Seng with a scroll. Courtiers noted his garments were clearly barbaric, his skin tanned from much time in the sun, and his gait was that of one who has spent most of his life in the saddle. Palace rumor said when the Emperor read the scroll he grew ashen and reached unsteadily for the arm of his throne, and sat heavily. He spent all night with his advisors. The messenger left the next day with the emperor's reply in his saddlebags.
      And it came to pass within several months that the Emperor's advisor Sun Ho rode from the capital with wagons and a cavalry escort, headed west, and it was said one wagon in particular was most closely guarded.
      Meanwhile the Emperor, energized to action, ordered defenses improved, more government employees hired, and sent diplomats to parley with rebellious locals in Rongjiang and Khungari. Sons by different palace concubines were born in 1409 and 1412.
     

The Kyzl-Kom Horde
Khan Kzyn Batur
Diplomacy: Uigur(A) Tarim(HS)
      The Kyzl-Kom patiently grazed their horses and herds in the grasslands of Helionkang until in the early summer of 1409 word came from scouts that a force of Bei Song cavalry had arrived at the border. The Khan, accompanied by Allied leaders and his retainers, was led to a wagon bearing a large wooden chest carved with the symbol of the Imperial court. It was opened for the Khan of the Kyzl-Kom, and he smiled with satisfaction at the glitter of gold coins thusly revealed. "Your Emperor has kept his word, and I shall keep mine," he said to the Bei Song commander. While some of the Khan's retainers hauled away the chest, he turned to his Allies and cried, "we leave these lands and ride back West!"
      The journey west brought the Kyzl-Kom through regions low in nomadic population. Many areas had already been swept by other great hordes and had yet to recover. At length in 1411 the lands of the Uigur were entered. "Behold our greatness," said Batur when he met their chief Urik, and gestured at the endless columns of his followers snaking back to the horizon, "join us and you will be invincible." And so the Uigur chief did, thinking what enemy could withstand such a mighty force?
      In the summer of 1412 the Horde turned south, crossing the Silk Route, and entered the desert of the Tarim. The Tarim chief in turn beheld the vast host and listened to the words of Batur, but thought if we joined with them, our people would be swallowed up, like rain into the sands. Having less than 5,000 warriors, he knew to fight was hopeless. But also knowing the great horde was headed northward again he simply evaded further contact until the Kyzl-Kom and their allies crossed into the steppe of Turfan.

The Jung-Mo Empire
Seong-Lee, Emperor of Korea, Protector of Northern China
Diplomacy: Yen-Ching in Yen(No Effect) Bandao(HS)
Growth: Qingdao in Shangtung
      Seong-Lee saw to the rule of the empire, the hiring of more government workers, the expansion of the capital and the building of a road from Kaifang to Lufang, thus filling in a gap in the royal road network. He also found time to send a message off to the Buddhist Primate, and soon afterward traveling monks began speaking to the peasantry about the wisdom of Buddha, although without effect.
      The Emperor's life was not all work and no play however, as his favorite palace concubine bore him a son in 1411 and another in 1412.
      Counselor Ching-Lang was dispatched to the city of Yen-ching to convince them to rejoin the empire. While his charisma made him much desired by the ladies of the Imperial court, he was an arrogant, self-centered, wine-guzzling fop whose demands had no effect on the city leaders.
      Still, he did better than Ambassador Chan-Lu, sent across the border to Bandao. When negotiations were going poorly he thought to flatter its king as the "Beloved Son of Virtuous Heaven" in flowery Northern Chinese. Unfortunately in the king's Mongolian this was understood as "Bastard Son of Village Whore" whereupon Chan-Lu and his retainers were seized by the king's guards and flung into prison. A note reached the court of Seong-Lee in late 1412 demanding an apology. It was wrapped around what upon careful examination proved to be a dried human ear.

The Tumet Horde
Subutei II, Khan of the Tumet
Diplomacy: Suzhou(NT)
     Alliekhan, acting as Regent after the death of Subutei, ordered the Tumet to stay in Yumen, graze their herds and heal from their bloody repulse from the Great Wall of the Chin. In 1411 Subutei's son came of age and assumed the Khanate of the Tumet, and Alliekhan - honest but no leader of warriors - stepped down with relief to be an advisor.
      As the herds and horses had about exhausted the Yumen steppe, Sabotai II ordered the Tumet southeast, whereupon their outriders encountered scouts of the Suzhou nomads. Soon Subutei II, at only 15, was in parley with Otugh, 40, thickly bearded Chief of the Suzhou. He is but a boy, thought Otugh, younger than my own sons. I should demand much gold for his peoples' passage... and yet, his host is vast, and he has the look of a warrior about him. Perhaps caution is in order. "For a small fee, your people may enter my lands," granted Otugh. Eyes of all retainers were upon Subutei, who remained impassive. "For a somewhat larger fee," replied the Khan of the Tumet, "your people may remain alive to witness our passage." There was a moment of tension, then Otugh - who hadn't lived to 40 being a fool - laughed and said, "we would be honored for the Tumet to share our steppe."

The Chin Chinese Empire
Chin Li, Emperor of the Middle Kingdom, Master of the World
Diplomacy: Fujian(NT) Ghanzhou(No Effect) Kienchou(C)
     Chin Li shook off his lethargy and ordered a vast program of building Public Works throughout the cities and regions of the Chin. The Emperor was determined to make Chin the greatest, healthiest kingdom in the Known World. The labor of intensively cultivating Shentung and Shensi was completed, and celebrations held.
     The reliable Chang Shi, vacationing abroad in Hopei, was ordered down the Grand Canal and thence by sea to Fujian, Ghanzhou and Kienchou. In each he met with local leaders to persuade them to rejoin the Empire, and had some success.
     Meanwhile missionaries were dispatched beyond the borders to Yumen and Bulingir. They found Yumen already Buddhist, and made no headway with the pagans of the Bulingir desert. The pagans felt the missionaries not very learned, and not very zealous, in the very teachings they were trying to spread.
     The army stood ready in case the Tumet returned, but apparently the nomads had learned to fear Chin weapons, at least when used from the parapets of a Great Wall.

The Alung-Gangri Horde
Gyanendra Khan
Diplomacy: None
      As the herds of the Alung-Gangri and their allies had seriously depleted the grasslands of Yenisey, Gyanendra moved the huge force eastward into Angaraland. The sparse nomad population living there scattered before the Alung-Gangri migration.
     A daughter was born in 1409 to Gyanendra by one of his concubines, followed by a son in 1410 by another.

The Celestial Realm of Buddha
Hung Lo-Chan, The Robed Wise Man
Consecration: None
      Hung Lo-Chan and those in the upper ranks about him had mostly turned their backs upon the world in favor of lengthy meditation common to the Ch'an school of thought. Enlightenment was sought above all worldly concerns. Effort went into deepening the already considerable religious strength of the older monks and priests. The thoughts of the Robed Wise Man kept returning to the sight of a strange armored fish a local fisherman had brought to the temple complex to show him, and ask of him what omen it could mean. He had no answer then, but perhaps further meditation would reveal Truth.
      A message from the Emperor of the Jung-Mo requesting monks to speak to his people of Buddha was grudgingly met by one of Hung's aides by the dispatch of some young novices, who themselves were just learning the ways. Hung Lo-Chan kept those of great wisdom with him in holy Chang'Ling, seeking Nirvana.

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The Khemer Empire of Kambuja
Tran Cau, Emperor of the Khemers, Mask of Hidden Glory
Diplomacy: Angkor Wat in Khemer(No Effect) Ayutt Haya in Siam(A) Mangfu in Nakhon(F)
Ca Mau in Phan Rang(F) Tun Son Nha in Cochin(F) Vijaya in Champa(F)
      Tran Cau reversed course on previous policy and decided to return the nation to the Buddhist religion. Hindu priests were driven from the Buddhist shrines they had taken in 1408 as temporary lodgings, and the former Buddhist monks returned, performing purification rituals. In the midst of this arrived yet more Hindu priests who had hoped to increase Kambuja's religious strength, not knowing that while they were in transit Tran Cau had changed his mind. He had guards politely but firmly escort them from his palace and put them on a boat back to Tanjore.
      The Emperor's change of direction was also unknown - news traveling slowly - by Javan missionaries who gained more Hindu believers in Johor, and by high priests from Tanjore who gained Hindu converts in the cities of Paga and Mar'gu.
      The Emperor sent heir Zhiang Zhou on a diplomatic tour of the cities of Angkor Wat, Ayutt Haya and Mangfu. He made no progress in enormous Angkor but had better results in the smaller cities. Likewise the diplomatic tag-team of Chongrak and Linh spoke to city leaders in Ca Mau, Tun Son Nha and Vijaya and persuaded all to advance from allies to full fledged Kambujans. Equally good news for the empire came from the regions of Surin and Siam, where intensive cultivation projects were finally complete.
      Despite this activity and the work of ruling, Tran Cau found time to marry a minor noblewoman, and was blessed with daughters in 1409, 1411 and 1412. To further bolster the royal family, he promoted Vu Cau to Prince. Since there were no royal sisters to be married, Vu Cau's rise was due entirely to Imperial Decree. This breach of protocol caused considerable grumbling among the nobility and many called Vu Cau "The Prince of Thieves" behind his back, inferring he stole the title.
      Perhaps feeling paranoid, the Emperor unleashed his agents in search of any sign of foreign infiltration. Special attention was paid to government workers but it was in the military that an attempted infiltration was caught. Three mid-level officers reported being approached by a minor nobleman offering gold for "future services and favors". Arrested, the nobleman revealed he was but a go-between, hired by those who promised to pay his extensive gambling debts. He led police to the lodgings of his employers whom he described as always masked and speaking Khemer with a strong Chin accent. The lodgings - rooms in a seedy boardinghouse - had been vacated by the foreigners in such haste that police recovered several scrolls written in Chin, as well as a quantity of Chin coins and eating utensils of Chin manufacture.

The Khemer Empire of Burma
Rangsey Shan the True, Emperor of the Khemers
Diplomacy: Padishan(T)
Growth: Mandalay in Burma
      Rangsey ordered increases in city walls, the building of castles and public works, and increased the size of the army, in addition to ruling the kingdom. Still grieving for the death of his wife in 1407 and his grandmother in 1408, he found occasional solace from his concubines. But even this led to more loss - in 1409 one bore him a son that died a few days later. Finally in 1411 another bore him a daughter, who became the light of his darkened life.
      Perhaps in his gloom seeing enemies all about, Rangsey ordered his lieutenant Siden to work with his intell chief to search for foreign infiltration. Beginning zealously, the search had a setback when Siden died in late 1409 having fallen down the stairs in his home. After much disruption of daily life for several more years, the frustrated intell chief reported "inconclusive" results to the king.
      Also in 1409 - a grim year, to be sure - Arun, admiral of the fleet, apprently fell victim to thieves while walking home alone after an evening of drinking with his captains in a waterfront tavern in Bassein. His body was found the next morning by street sweepers. His senior captain received a field promotion so the fleet wouldn't lack for an admiral should it need to react to trouble.
      Missionaries were sent to Prome, where they had some small success at converting the Buddhists to Hinduism. But similar efforts in Assam and Arakan failed when local monks boldly condemned the priests' teachings, causing sizable numbers of locals to return to Buddhism. Clearly the fervor of the Burmese missionaries needed to be greater to accomplish their task.
      Perhaps anticipating this, a group of Hindu priests traveled from temple to temple, causing a general increase in religious strength among believers. In addition, several high priests from Tanjore gained Hindu converts in the cities of Mitikaya and Xie.

The Island Kingdom of Java
Adrissa III, King of Java, Master of the Spice Isles
Diplomacy: Matura in Sri Lanka(F)
Growth: Vapul in Moluccas, Jakarta in Timor
      Additional public works were ordered begun in both cities and farmlands, thus improving Javan quality of life. The shipyards in Pajajaran were instructed to build great numbers of merchant shipping, and soon required double shifts to stay on schedule. As part of a general improvement of trade runs, merchant shipping was moved and new home ports assigned while bureaucrats and shipmasters struggled to keep it all straight.
      Meanwhile the extensive Hindu priesthood was ordered throughout the kingdom to carry the words of the gods to every village - and beyond! To the Buddhists in Kambujan Johor and Kedah as well!
      These initiatives underway, Adrissa III boarded ship for Matura in Sri Lanka, a voyage of a year around the Indian Ocean, the sailors keeping the shoreline in sight at all times - a commonsense rule of the Sailors Guild that kept ships from getting lost or, worse, eaten by sea monsters. With the King on his long diplomatic mission were Princess Anasuya and the elderly advisor Wahid. The party attended endless meetings and state banquets until finally the allied city became full-fledged Javan. But the stress took a toll of Wahid, who died at the end of 1410 in his sleep.
      The heir Sudhansu, only 18 and more interested in attending parties and bedding the servant girls than holding court or hearing petitions, was left to rule, assisted by Manalan and Bindusara. Manalan in particular was efficient and - lucky for Java - kept Sudhansu on track.

      Leaving at the same time as the King's fleet and keeping pace with it nearly to Matura were a pair of ships under command of Lamarasa on a mission of exploration. With him was Kanti, an ally of Java and a skilled warrior. Parting company with the King's fleet in the Palk Strait, Lamarasa's ships sailed along the shore of the Arabian Sea for another year, past the isle of Socotra and along the Somali coast to the Zanzibar Sea. "Now we sail to the east!" he ordered. The crews were horrified. "Madness!" "Out of sight of land!?" "Against Guild rules!" "We'll be eaten!" came the cries. But he held firm and Kanti was a very devil with the sword, and so the sailors obeyed and the ships headed into the unknown along the Indian Counter Current.
      It was a voyage of months, steadily eastward, anxious eyes scanning the horizon day after day for sign of land. Throughout May came monsoon rains that left the men drenched. Several crew went mad with fear and had to be locked in a storeroom. Several others simply vanished while on night watch. "Fell asleep and fell overboard!" grunted the plain-spoken Lamarasa. "Eaten by monsters!" muttered the crew behind his back. And indeed there were marks on the rails in some spots, gouges and splintering, as if something had scraped across the rail to seize a man, and Lamarasa had no explanation for it. But Kanti kept order.
      And there came a day when a lookout screamed "land!" in a voice usually reserved for a brothel climax. Ahead were the Maldives and both crews went wild with joy. Kanti slapped Lamarasa on the back. "You were right," he said, "I wondered myself, but damn, you were right!" The ships hove to and took on welcome provisions.
      The ships then headed east through the Gulf of Mannar. "North along the coast?" asked the helmsman. "Not this time," answered Lamarasa, "bear south, around Sri Lanka and then east! We shall ride the currents again!" The crews muttered much among themselves. There were some who felt two times across vast ocean, far beyond land, was asking for more luck than any deserved. But others had great faith now in Lamarasa, and so the ships sailed into the East Monsoon Drift.
      Luck is a fickle thing, and only a short distance out as 1411 ended sickness swept the ships, perhaps from badly preserved food taken aboard, or tainted water casks. Men spent agonizing hours at the rails emptying themselves, or laying weak as kittens upon the decks or in their bunks, with few at the sails. Some, unable to keep even water down, died, including Kanti. Others vanished from decks at night, sometimes without a trace, sometimes with a smear of blood to the rail, itself splintered, until none could be made to stand night watch. Lamarasa himself could barely walk or talk, only iron will driving him.
      We must turn back, thought Lamarasa, while we still can. He gave the order to come about and head for Sri Lanka's port of Matara. The surviving crews, gaunt and half-dead, obeyed with their last reserves of energy. Would they have murdered me and turned back anyway? he wondered. And if so, who could blame them? Barely in time the ships limped into Matara, docking near the King's fleet, to the shock of the royal sailors and diplomats.

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The Chola Mandalam Empire
Aandeleeb, Chola Emperor of Mandalam, the Left hand of Vishnu
Diplomacy: Madurai(EA) Anhivarta(FA) Chera(FA) Jihjhoti(FA) Gaur(-) Maghada(FA)
      Aandeleeb began 1409 by banning Cholan merchants from trade with Sheba and the Safavid Empire, but resuming trade with Khemer Kambuja. The traders grumbled about having to relocate their ships from western ports to eastern ones, but at least they could still earn a living. This option wasn't available for captains of Aksum or Comoros ships; trade was cut with those nations as well and their ships turned away from Cholan ports. No explanation was given.
      Aandeleeb then turned the rule of the empire over to the bureaucrats as he and his lieutenants headed in many directions on diplomatic missions. It was time to bring former Cholan regions back into the empire. He and Durga-Das met with local nobles in Madurai and established economic ties with a promise of a future marriage between Aandeleeb and a Madurai noblewoman.
      A large mission of Mertunga, Bhadrashree, Satvik and the king of allied Chela all met with the leaders of Anhivarta. The overly blunt Chelan king choked to death in 1410 during a banquet before he could offend the Anihivartans too badly. No loss, thought mission leader Mertunga. The others were able military men used to command but not accustomed to smoothtalking. Fortunately Mertunga was reasonably skilled and made some progress.
      Seasoned diplomat Mhari traveled to Chera where he persuaded the locals to become feudal allies. The equally silver-tongued Sukarma did the same in Jihjhoti. Radhaswami however saw his efforts in Gaur come to nothing when several members of his staff were asked to leave the region immediately - no public reason given.
      The mercenary leader Gumbiwnanna went to Maghada on behalf of his Cholan employers and met repeatedly with Maghadan leaders, apparently with success.

The Hindu Primacy
Balin, Blessed of Vishnu
Consecration: Sirivjaya in Palembang(CH) Soerabaya in Atjeh(MN) Medan in Utara(CH)
      Balin began an ambitious program of establishing Hindu centers throughout a number of Javan cities. In 1409 a temple was begun in Sirivjaya, followed by the expansion of an existing abbey in Soerabaya into a full monastery over the winter. The summer of 1410 saw the construction of a temple in Medan. Early in 1411 Balin returned to his starting point, rural Palembang, to establish a temple there. The site chosen, on the southern coast, was apparently a local shrine of some sort, containing an ancient stone statue of an enormous crocodile, various altars and outbuildings, all nearly overgrown with vines and moss. Closer inspection of the altars showed where restraints must have held victims for sacrifice. Balin shuddered at the barbarism of such acts. What sort of people would worship a giant crocodile? he thought with disgust.
      "This place has easy access from roads and along the coast," explained the priest who chose it as he gave long-bearded Balin a tour, "and demolishing these old abominations will provide fill and building material for our own temple." But the next day when workers hired by the priest arrived to begin clearing the site, they were warned by a dozen angry locals to leave. Balin, the very figure of spiritual power, returned with the workers the following day, hoping to calm the locals' protests. Over a hundred peasants and villagers, in silent awe of Balin, kept their distance for a short time, but when a worker swung his hammer with an audible crack! against the statue's huge head, the mob erupted with shouts of fear and fury and surged forward, throwing rocks, shouting some madness that destroying the temple would doom them all. Sometime during the riot Balin fell, hit by a random blow, and was fatally trampled along with a number of workers. His final thoughts were of astonishment, that such wild beliefs could exist in these modern times. His broken body was brought home to Tanjore by his grieving retainers for a proper funeral.
      High priests Gormadoc, Marroc, Oin and Marmadoc were sent to gain converts in the Burmese cities of Mitikaya and Xie, and the Kambujan cities of Mar'gu and Paga. All reported success. Additional groups of priests went to Java, Burma and Kambuja to speak to those already Hindu, to increase the strength of their beliefs. This was accomplished in Java and Burma, but forbidden in Kambjua by the emperor who sought to return his nation to the ways of Buddha.
      In 1412, Gandhi - a slim, clean-shaven, charismatic priest of great energy - assumed the title of Primate.

The Empire of Sirinigar
Vakal, Emperor of Sirinigar
Diplomacy: Gujerat(F)
      Vakal proved a far more energetic emperor than his father. Castles and fortifications were begun in every region, the army was increased manyfold, and trade was begun with the Safavids, Sheba and Aksum. A census was ordered to tally people, beasts and crops. The empire fairly crackled with new energy after years of lethargy.
      Indeed, long caravans of wagons and beasts made trip after trip moving both cargo and people from Parapavura in Kashmir to Drahala in Punjab. Imperial cavalry kept the curious away.
      Nor was this activity the only mass movement. The population of Suratjat in the burning desert of Jats was evacuated en masse with all portable possessions and escorted by imperial cavalry to a new site in the lush green land of Gujerat, where a new Suratjat was built. The people were not pleased at leaving behind their homes but with so many imperial troops about any rebellion was doomed to failure.
      Though Vakal took ruling quite seriously, he found time for pleasure with the palace concubines, one of whom bore him a daughter in 1411. Soon afterward he was off on a diplomatic mission to Gujerat, where he offered a royal marriage should the local Shah be more than a tributary vassal. He accepted, joining his lands to Sirinigar, and in 1412 Vakal was wed to the sister of the Shah.

The Emirate of Turkman
Abdul, Shah of Bukhara, Emir of Merv
Diplomacy: Kuljab in Kush(F)
Growth: Turkman in Bokara, Samarkand in Kara-Khitai, Nishapur in Khurasan, Khiva in Khwarzim, Tashkent in Otrarsh, Termez in Tadzik
      Abdul launched a massive building program. Extensive public works were constructed in Tadzik and Uzebek, and no less than six cities were expanded. More government employees were hired and the army increased as well.
      Mohamar, already in Kuljab, conducted diplomacy with city leaders in an attempt to bring them fully into the Emirate. By the end of 1409 they agreed, but Mohamar lived only a few more days to savor his triumph, being crushed by a runaway wagon in the streets of Kuljab. His chief assistant was promoted to close out the mission.
      Tragedy struck again, with Abdul suffering a series of strokes in late 1411 that left him paralyzed, then dead. With her children not yet of age to rule, Abdul's wife Fanosh asked the general Hasim to her quarters. Abdul always thought Hasim to be loyal, she thought, I hope my husband judged rightly. "General Hasim," she said, "you pledged to fight at my husband's side should the Emirate be invaded. Will you serve as Regent, pledging to step down when my eldest comes of age to take the throne?" Hasim bowed. "I would be honored to serve the Emirate in any capacity," he replied. And so it was done.

The Khanate of Scythia
Razuli ar-Rhani, Regent, Khan of the Scythians, Lord of Afghanistan
Diplomacy: Registan(UN)
Growth: Herat in Kash
      Razuli ordered public works built in newly cultivated Dasht'Al'Kavir as well as the city of Herat. Herat itself was expanded to be a more proper size for a capital. The royal road under construction from Hazan, Dasht'Al'Kavir to the port of Alamut in Tabaristan was completed. Lest his neighbors eye this progress with greedy eyes, Razuli commanded the army be increased.
      Razuli pondered on his diplomatic failures in Registan and Bauluch some years ago, and decided to concentrate all efforts in Registan. Sanglant, a career diplomat, was sent, to be assisted by his mentor Sharit - now nearing retirement - and the young Ibrahaim. After many meetings the hostile tribal chiefs were persuaded to at least be neutral towards Scythia instead of outright hostile. Half a loaf, thought Sanglant, but better than nothing.

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The Holy Imam of All Islam
Imam Mohamad ar-Rhani, The Holy Imam of all Islam, Old Man of the Mountain and Highest Follower of Allah, Beloved of Scythia
Diplomacy: Azerbaijan(-)
Growth: Tabriz in Azerbaijan
Consecration: Arbiliq(CH) Edessa(CH) Hassanchop in Edessa(CH) Syria(CH) Jordan(AB) Amman in Jordan(MN) Mosul(MN)
      Mohamad ar-Rhani ordered the expansion of the Holy City of Tabriz, and the building of extensive public works to handle the annual influx of pilgrims. A royal road was begun from Tabriz to the port of Acbreigt in Georgia, and the defenses of Azerbaijan were strengthened.
      Shiite missionaries were dispatched throughout Asia Minor, gaining additional converts in Phrygia, Carhae and Armenia. New converts were acquired in Lazica and Capadocia. Only in Urmia did efforts fail, thanks to a particularly active local Eastern Orthodox priesthood which followed the Shiites and spoke against them.
      Mohamad ar-Rhani was not one to simply send out missionaries - the Imam believed in doing the work of Allah personally. He established mosques in rural Arbiliq and Edessa and in the city of Hassanchop.
      Mullah Abdul made the journey to Syria, establishing a mosque in the countryside. In Damascus he worked to found an abbey at the site of the existing mosque, but the night before the ceremony, as workmen were finishing the final touches, one knocked over an oil lamp onto a pile of robes to be used in the consecration ceremony. Flames spread quickly and although the blaze was confined to the building, the ceremony would have to wait until repairs were made. Shaken but not harmed, Abdul continued on, founding an abbey in rural Jordan and finally spent 1412 in Amman cannonizing a monastery.
      Meanwhile Mullah Kabob, having ministered to the homeless in Selucia (where the Dubai Horde ran wild in 1405), rode through Mesopotamia, viewing similar desctruction, on his way to Mosul. May Allah strike down the Dubai, he thought, for truly they are servants of Shaitan. At least Mosul was still green and prosperous, and in 1409-1410 an abbey was improved to a full monastery. In 1411 he moved on to Carhae with orders to establish a mosque in the farmland, but noticed many Roman Catholic churches still active. Not wishing to risk religious strife, he decided to stop and sent a message to the Imam asking for further instructions.
      Mullah Aziz, starting in distant Fez, was ordered to return home. The trip was uneventful. Eventually he reached Azerbaijan where he spent several years smooth-talking the local nobility, but without success.

The Safavid Empire of Basra
Nuh'a-Din ibn Nur, Shah of Baghdad, Spokesman of God, Chosen of Allah, Guide of the Faithful, Most Learned of the Holy
Diplomacy: Syria(-)
      May Allah strike down the Dubai, thought Nuh'a-Din, for truly they are servants of Shaitan. The previous years had seen that horde sweep through the regions of Selucia and Mesopotamia, sacking and burning the cities of Al-Najaf and Baghdad, carrying off from city and farm alike anything of value and destroying what had to be left behind, then vanishing into the desert of As'summan (not the Al'Nefud, as previously reported).
      But the Empire was not to be surprised twice. Extensive field fortifications were built in Mesopotamia, Hahmar and Kuwait to block - or at least delay - another incursion of the Dubai into the heart of the empire. Under the Shah's supervision, thousands of heavy cavalry were outfitted and trained around Basra, swelling the existing army, and numerous mercenary companies were hired as well. The young heir Mufasa - at 23 already being compared to Alexander the Great - hastened from Arbiliq to take command, arriving in June of 1409. He was joined by the much older Kamar as second in command. They began planning how best to react to a second horde invasion.
      In April, Hazras, a charasmatic favorite of the ladies of the court despite the onset of middle age, had departed Basra by boat and in June was ashore in Qatar with a small band of retainers. Hazras and his men spoke cautiously with the Qatari they met in each village. Soon he learned when the Dubai had passed through years ago, they had conscripted the young men and taken the best horses, neither of which had been seen again. Resentment of the Dubai ran deep, Hazras determined, and he considered how best to make use of that.
      As the work of Allah must continue despite the threat of war, missionaries worked in Armenia in co-operation with those sent by the Imam. So must the work of improving the empire, as great masses of workers labored on projects due for completion in 1412: royal roads into Dasht'Kavir (linking to Scythia), Lebanon (linking to Madragian), Ahraz (bridging the Tigris) and Carhae (another link to Madragian), as well as the conversion of El Burz to cultivated.
      Nuh'a-Din received a delegation of merchant captains who complained Chola had banned them from trade. He promised to investigate.
      Asalih, having finished diplomacy in Damascus, rode through the Syrian countryside meeting with local nobles. They remained ummoved by his words, clearly disappointed no gifts were forthcoming.
      In late June, a dispatch rider brought news: the Dubai Horde had invaded Kuwait. [See Kuwait Campaign]

The Madragian Emirate of Aleppo
al-Salud, Emir of Aleppo, Servant of Allah, Guardian of the Western March
Diplomacy: Pamphyla(AW) Psidia(-) Dabik in Psidia(EA) Isauria(T) Anamur in Isauria(-), Sancelade in Carhae(EA) Sardinia(C)
Growth: Antioch in Aleppo, Nicosia in Cyprus
      Hasan al-Salud ordered numerous works in Cyprus to improve the health and welfare of the rural population. Urban dwellers were not overlooked either as Nicosea was increased, as was Antioch. Missionaries sent to Cappadocia reported some success.
      In mid-1409, a ship arrived from Egypt, and its passengers and crew were escorted to the emirate's university and made welcome. At the end of 1409 the effort of turning Edessa into farmland was complete and the Emir ordered celebrations to mark it. During them, he proclaimed his brother Salad'in to be heir to the throne, since his own children were very young. Mourning for his queen, he visited his concubines rarely, not siring another son until 1412.
      The Emir sent Prince Turrela met with the nobility of Pamphyla, after two generations still resentful of Madragian authority. Turrela was aging, proud, cantankerous, and traveled with many trunks of expensive robes more worthy of an emperor than a prince. As diplomatic talks dragged on he became increasingly impatient and blunt, the last meeting breaking up in a shouting match. Claiming great insult, the hot-headed Pamphylan nobles declared themselves in open revolt. Turrela and his aides escaped back over the border with only the clothes they wore. "Curse Hasan, sending me on a mission he knew was doomed!" vented the Prince to one of his retainers.
      Career diplomat Salam Salamma traveled to Psidia where he engaged in talks with the rural leaders. A longtime city dweller, he made no progress. In late 1410 he went to Dabik where he and the mayor became good friends and a treaty of economic alliance was signed. A few days later Salam died peacefully in his sleep.
      Another career diplomat, Abu'Bakar, was in Isauria likewise to woo the rural locals. While traveling through a mountain pass in late 1409 an avalanche buried him and several of his party. The survivors chose Abu's assistant to continue the mission and in 1410 the Isaurians agreed to become tributary. The mission went on to the city of Anamur, but the day after their arrival a fisherman hauled in a strange-looking armored fish in his net. The supersitious folk took this as a bad omen, and no progress was made.
      By contrast, the warrior Mourad, who only spoke middling Turkish, had better luck and convinced the mayor of Sancelade that economic alliance was wise.
      Last but not least, the warrior-diplomat Kadi boarded ship in Antioch and sailed along the Mediterranean coast to the island of Sardinia. Despite the language difference he made valuable contacts among the local nobles. Only toward the end of his stay did he learn the Sardinians already were tributary1 to the Almohad Emirate of Morocco.

      1The map Kadi was referencing had not been updated to show Sardinia in the Moroccan color.

The Mamluke Sultanate of Egypt
Uzayr, Sultan of Egypt, Ruler of the Upper and Lower Nile, Defender of the Holy Land, Master of the Seven Seas, Sword of Allah, Invincible Overlord of the Mamluke Empire
Diplomacy: Dongola(EA)
Growth: Al'Qahira in Mansura, El'Iskandria in Egypt, Asyut in Fai-Yum, Abydos in Thebes, Al'Quds in Levant, Baida in Lybia, Aqaba in Petra, El'Allaqi in Nubia
      The Sultan and his heir Sheik Ali ib Omar stood ready with the army should the Dubai Horde head towards Mamluke lands. The charasmatic warrior Abu Bakr and several of his equally hard-eyed fellows received instructions from the Sultan, then headed east in the direction of the threat.
      As time passed it became apparent a Dubai invasion was not going to happen. Sheik Omar enjoyed his concubines, siring a son in 1409 and a daughter in 1410. But tragedy befell him in early 1411 when his daughter Amira-Saleh, only 9, was one of a number who drowned when a hippopotamus overturned their barge during a Nile excursion.
      The Sultan, rather old for harem pleasures, instead spent his energy on great projects. At Uzyar's command the treasury and manpower of Egypt was poured into building the nation. No less than eight cities were expanded. Extensive projects of irrigation, sewage, public buildings and monuments filled the cities of Al'Qahira and El'Iskandria as well as Lybia and the Levant. In late 1410 the Lybian steppe became productive farmland. The Lybians, who paid no taxes to the Sultan, were puzzled but pleased with such an effort on their behalf.
      Even this feat was overshadowed in early 1411 when the Aswan Lock Project was finished, allowing passage of the 1st Cataract of the Nile. Ships could now travel upriver beyond Nubia, to the Aksum region of Alwa.
      The vast university complex in El'Qahira was busy too. Booming sounds were heard as Egyptian alchemists experimented with the new mixture called gunpowder, as was the constant hiss of pouring metal and the clanging of hammers as metalworkers labored at the alchemists' behest. In mid-1411 Abu Bakr and his cohorts were seen on campus and around the rest of the capital, searching for something, and at one point they were seen chasing a stranger through the crowded marketplace.
      Two groups of missionaries were sent to the grasslands of Dongola to bring the word of Allah to the pagans. One group had significant success, but the other was condemned by a powerful local shaman. The day after, they did not return to the village to preach, and their campsite was found deserted.
      Diplomats Raisuli and Ar Raheem were also sent to Dongola. Only a few months into their meetings with local leaders, Ar Raheem fell from his horse as the men accompanied the Dongolan chiefs on a hunt, and he died without regaining consciousness. Raisuli continued with the help of Ar Raheem's former assistant, and persistance paid off - the Dongolans signed a treaty of economic alliance.

The Merchants of El'Iskandria
Jamil al Haysin, Merchant of El'Iskandria
Capitalization: Constantinople in Thrace(BO) Madiera in Granada(BO) Sela in Danakil(MF) Mahidia in Tunisia(BO) Corinth in Morea(MF) El'Qahira in Mansura
     Shipyards echoed with the sounds of sawing and hammering as new merchantmen were built at Jamil's command. Sea trade was established with Chola, and several existing trade routes to Europe significantly expanded.
      Jamil, already in Constantinople, contended with religious hostility and a different language but managed to expand the extant merchant factory to a full sized branch office. The same was accomplished by Amnon Jarsud in distant Madiera despite the same problems.
      Wadid Talal and his staff, traveling by ship to Sela, met up with the company's agent and were able to establish a factory there, inspite of the same difficulties of a hostile religion and foreign tongue.
      New hire Murad ibn Fwahid, sent to Mahidia, had an easy time expanding the factory there to a full-fledged business office. Fellow Shiites who speak Arabic, thought Murad, it's good to be among civilized people. And the stuffed roasted camel is superb!
      Meanwhile, Yusif ibn Nursah, known company-wide as "Silver Tongue", traveled first to Corinth and thence to El'Qahira, establishing a factory in each city.

The Coptic Kingdom of Aksum
Tobin VI, King of Aksum, Negus Negesti, Lord of the Coptic Wilderness, Lion of Judah
Diplomacy: Ain Farah(F)
Growth: Dongala in Alwa, Wasan in Adulis, Bur Sudan in Suakin
      Tobin VI embarked on a major round of nation building. No less than three cities were expanded as well as cultivation projects continued in Lalibela and Kobowen. However, the major effort of Aksum was devoted to completing the cultivation of Harar from wilderness, and celebrations were held to mark the finish.
      Not content with all the above happening, the king also directed extensive sewer and water supply systems, parks, and impressive monuments be built in both Bur Sudan and the holy city of Beigi. That neighbors not eye all this as easy pickings, Tobin VI increased the size of the army, while his agents moved throughout the kingdom checking foreigners for proper entry papers.
      Two ships - one from Egypt, and another flying the flag of the Merchants of Iskandria - docked in mid-1409 and their passengers and cargo were quickly escorted to the capital and made welcome at the kingdom's University.
      While this whirlwind of activity was underway, middle aged diplomat Showa accompanied by Doga, Tofar and Suaks all traveled to Ain Farah and sweet-talked its leadership into becoming friendly to Aksum. In the midst of celebrating, Doga drank far too much of the native beverage - made from fermented sheep's milk - and passed out, never to regain consciousness. Never the most robust of men, he died the following day.
      Missionaries were sent to nearby Darounga to instruct the pagans in the ways of the Coptic faith. Unfortunately Aksum itself is only mildly religious, and its representatives lacked the necessary zeal for the job. Tribal shamen proclaimed the Aksum to be evil spirits sent to confuse with false words, and only a few missionaries escaped to return alive to Aksum.
      With the completion of the Aswan Locks by the Egyptians [see Egypt], Tobin ordered merchants trading with the Byzantines and Madragians to relocate their ships to the river port of Dongala. This relieved the considerable congestion at the Red Sea port of Bur Sudan. He also received a delegation of merchant captains who complained Chola had banned them from trade. Tobin promised to investigate.

The Dubai Horde of Arabia
Dhul Fiqar al-Baith, Sword of Death
Diplomacy: None
      Dhul Fiqar could contain his men no longer. In the scattered villages and oases of As'Summan the tribesmen had used the stolen wealth of Selucia and Mesopotamia to buy the best of everything. To live like a god in As'Summan became a common phrase. But a desert can only support such an influx of population for so long, and the nomads were again restless to steal from the rich lands of civilization.
      "Where to, my Khan?" asked his ally Rumah of Al'Riadyh. "To the south, where the ships of Sheba bring back endless wealth? To the west, where the treasures of the Nile await? Or the northeast, where the Safivids cower in fear of our return?"
      Dhul Fiqar laughed. "Northeast! The Safavid goat bleeds from its wounds. Let us slaughter it for good and feast on its carcass!" A roar of approval went up from the gathered clan chiefs, who hastened from the Khan's tent to roust their followers. In late April 1409, a river of nomads crossed the border into Kuwait.


KUWAIT CAMPAIGN 1409
      Confronting the horde were field forts consisting of earthen walls behind dry moats. Built to command the trade roads and valleys, they were held by some three thousand men, all local conscripts.
      At a signal from Dhul, repeated by the chief of each clan, waves of mounted nomads surged forward, engaging the forts with bow and arrow. The swirling masses of cavalry about the forts were so numerous the defenders hardly had to aim to hit a nomad. But the sheer volume of arrows sheeting towards the forts made many a defender topple backward off the parapets.
      This softening-up of the garrisons went on for many days until those nomads on foot had collected enough wood to build scaling ladders. These were rushed forward, the mounted nomads making way, and with wild cries the ladders went up against the earthen walls of the forts, nomads already climbing. The defenders fought desperately but, their numbers depleted by the days of attrition, they could not be everywhere. One, then another after another nomad gained the parapet, scimitar ringing against scimitar. Kuwaiti and nomad alike fell shrieking, clutching at ruinous, blood-spurting wounds. Fort by fort the defenders were overrun until all had fallen, their garrisons overwhelmed, having inflicted about 800 casualties on the Dubai.
      From then through August, the horde swept deeper into Kuwait and not a farm or village was safe. The Dubai methodically looted whatever pleased them, enslaved at will, and beat - or worse - any who protested. Thousands of refugees fled in one direction or another, scrounging like animals for food. There were naturally arguments between clans as to the division of the spoils, and more than one duel was fought. Dhul Fiqar al-Baith generally decided such matters in favor of his clan and those bound to it by blood, and those of lesser clans - Qatari or Dharani - were told to keep to their place. Objections were dealt with swiftly. Such is the way of the horde.

      It took Mufasa all July and August to move the Safavid army, mercenaries, baggage train and supplies from Basra southwest to the Euphrates, across it by means of endless trips by raft and fishing boat, then further southwest into Kuwait. Long columns of Kuwaiti civilians passed the army, bearing tales of horror and misery.
      "From tales the refugees tell, the host of the Dubai is vast," said second in command Kamar to Mufasa one late August evening over supper, "eighty thousand at least..." Mufasa nodded in agreement. "My calculation also. We number a bit over thirty-seven thousand, with another eight thousand mercenaries. You wonder why we continue to advance rather than defend behind the Euphrates."
      "The thought had crossed my mind," smiled Kamar. "The Kuwaiti are but tributary, not even paying tax to your father. Losing the region would not hurt the empire."
      "They gave their loyalty to us," replied Mufasa, "and do not deserve to be abandoned." "True," grudgingly admitted Kamar, "but the difference in numbers...?"
      "Our soldiers, both horse and foot, have greater discipline and training than the tribesmen. Too, the Dubai clans will be spread apart, looting and slaving, what they do best" said Mufasa grimly, "they will not be gathered for battle. We will set upon them with the blinding swiftness of a desert storm."

      In July a ship had docked in Al-Kuwayt, one of many coming or going that day. The city was in a panic; although the Dubai appeared to be headed for Abadan some of their clans had pillaged so close that the fires of burning farmsteads could be seen from the city's higher buildings. A small party of robed figures, with somewhat darker features than the local Arabs, made their way from the docks to the stables. There were hundreds of horses for sale, left by refugees who had sold them for little more than the price of boat passage.
      The party, once mounted, headed northwest through August, guided toward the main mass of the Dubai by the stories of fleeing Kuwaitis. "Faisal," asked one of the party once as they rode through a village of fire-blackened buildings, "these Dubai are very devils. Are we wise to seek them out?"
      The one known as Faisal watched a moment as carrion birds picked at corpses of what he judged to have been the village elders. Then he spoke: "Wisdom has nothing to do with it. I have my orders, and I will follow them."

      Meanwhile, other strangers made their way around the northern reaches of the Al'Nefud, crossing into As'Summan in late summer. It was clear the Dubai were no longer there. "Our intelligence is outdated, Abu Bakr," said one of the group to its apparent leader.
      "Fan out to the villages and oases," ordered the one called Abu Bakr, "spend coin. Find those who saw them leave. While the Dubai lived here, there will be those who were wronged, and who will be talkative. I shall search as well. We meet back here in a fortnight." And so it was done, and soon it was determined the Dubai had moved east toward Kuwait. What to do?
      "We follow," decided Abu Bakr. "We are far behind," pointed out another of the group, "can we catch them?"
      "If Allah wills it," the leader answered, leading the party eastward.

      In late summer the tribesmen of Qatar rose in rebellion against their nominal Dubai rulers. Caravans linking the Dubai homeland and the horde itself were ambushed.
      "Send riders to your men among the horde itself," urged Hazras to the rebellion's leadership, "tell them they are needed here!"

      "Do you see, my lords?" asked the Safavid scout, "it is as I said." It was early September, and Mufasa and Kamar lay atop a ridge that afforded a view for miles southward, yet offered concealment. As far as they could see were burning villages and farms, with great masses of nomads moving about. The breeze brought the faint smell of smoke and burning flesh. There were no horde scouts that Mufasa could see - apparently all the tribesmen were too busy pillaging to worry about security.
      "Your eyes are sharp," agreed Mufasa. He flipped the scout a silver coin as reward for his prompt report. "Come, Kamar," said the young heir to the older general, "we have a short time before the Dubai know we are near. The men must quickly don armor and form ranks. We will strike towards their main camp. The outlying groups looting will rush back to save it, and we will defeat them in detail as they arrive."

      Dhul Fiqar al-Baith chewed the roasted lamb slowly, savoring its juice. He and his clan chiefs had not lacked for delicacies in their looting of Kuwait. It was rich farmland and the Dubai had picked it clean on their way northeast towards Abadan. The chiefs were watching as comely slave girls - wives and daughters of Kuwaiti chiefs - served them. The locals were thus reminded who was master here.
      "A pity Rumah is missing this," Dhul mused, "but those damned Qatari horse decided to mutiny, and I had to send the Al'Riadyh to hunt them down."
      "I'm sure Rumah and his men will finish them quickly," offered a clan chief, "so they doesn't miss their share of the loot!" Even Dhul joined in the general laughter.
      "Ah," came a deep voice, one of a group of robed figures approaching, "I see you are enjoying yourself, great Khan. Have you had the opportunity yet to read the scroll I delivered?"
      "I have indeed read it, Faisal," said Dhul, "and..." But here the Khan's reply was cut short by a Dubai warrior riding hard into camp, his horse lathered. "My Khan!" the man gasped out, "the Safavids are upon us!"

      With the Dubai spread out over miles, Mufasa led the Safavid heavy cavalry - over twenty thousand, the largest single portion of the army - towards the horde encampment of thousands of tents and clan banners, wagons, herd animals, and slave pens. To either side of this thunderbolt was medium cavalry followed by infantry, their strength augmented by the mercenaries.
      For a minute the Dubai were shocked into immobility. Safavid arrows began falling among those closest to the onrush, and men fell. Boulders from merc seige engines arched overhead and down into the camp with dull thuds. A few individual warriors, then some whole groups, turned and headed for the Safavids, screaming clan war cries. Other warriors emerged from buildings carrying loot, saw what was happening, and headed for their own horses. Taken by surprise they were, but also hardened fighters, and the honor of their clans was at stake.
      The Dubai were still arriving piecemeal when the Safavids lowered lances and struck the thousands of horse and foot nomads nearest the great camp with a tremendous crash. Mounted nomads were thrown backwards or sideways with bone-snapping force, and those on foot trampled to red meat. Human and equine screams of pain rent the air, joining the crash of scimitar on shield, war cries, shouted orders, curses, taunts, and the general mayhem and deafening din of battle. Mufasa gave good account of himself with a bejeweled scimitar he'd received from his father on his 18th birthday. Retainers and standard bearers were hard pressed to keep up with him. Across the battlefield the ground grew slick with blood, severed limbs and spilled entrails, stomped into the earth by countless hooves.
      The impetus of the charge had carried the heir's army almost through to the nomad encampment, and the savage, close-quarters fighting that followed cleared away those Dubai medium cavalry yet defending. Quite a few clan chiefs must have been in the camp, judging by the number of banners among the bodies of defenders. A continuous stream of mounted and foot Dubai were still converging on both flanks, but for the moment the camp lay open before Mufasa.
      "Warriors, to me!" he cried, and charged the camp, followed by a surge of armored Safavids. A ragged line of nomad archers let fly a volley, then the heir's heavy cavalry was in among them, cutting them down like cornstalks. Mufasa gave a grunt as a stab of pain shot up from his left arm.
      "My lord!" cried Kamar, finally catching up to the much younger man, "you are hurt!" And indeed an arrow had furrowed Mufasa's shield arm, and his tunic was already soaked with blood. He tossed aside his shield. "I can still swing a sword, anyways." And before Kamar could speak, Mufasa and his retainers headed into the camp to catch up to the Safavids who'd gone ahead.
      Within the camp all was chaos. Nomads were running in all directions, mostly servants, women and children, handfuls of warriors who decided the day was lost, loose herd animals and horses, as well as slaves who - abandonded by masters - were busily freeing slaves yet still in pens. Safavid cavalry were cutting down whatever nomads tried to oppose them, tossing weapons to freed slaves who looked able to use them, and slashing open tents to find any warriors in hiding. From overturned braizers fires had started and several rows of tents were already ablaze. Terrified herd animals plowed through other tents as they stampeded in panic, trampling more than one tribesman, woman or child into the dirt.
      Cutting his way into the largest, most decorated tent, Mufasa found himself standing on thick rugs and surrounded by overturned furniture and discarded clothing. All about him was evidence of a hasty departure. Dhul Fiqar al-Baith had escaped.
      Mufasa, finally feeling the effects of blood loss, slumped forward, fortunately being caught by several alert retainers and lowered to the rugs. Given the chaos of the camp, it was several hours before Kamar found he was in command. The Dubai warriors were already withdrawing south by clan groups, having taken the loss of their encampment and the flight of their families as a sign the day was lost.

      Mufasa regained consciousness to find himself in his tent with worried retainers administering to him. One opened the tent flap and called outside, and in a moment Kamar entered. "My lord, I am pleased to see you are with us again."
      "I will be fine," said Mufasa weakly, "how went the battle?"
      "The Dubai fled southwest towards the Ad'Dahna. We slew or captured nearly sixteen thousand of their infantry on the battlefield or hunted down in pursuit. I believe that accounts for all of their foot warriors, who I understand were the worst of the looters and slavers, being from lesser, poorer clans. The Kuwaiti slaves set free from the encampment killed some of the wounded foot as they lay bleeding."
      "Serves them right," whispered Mufasa, "and their cavalry?"
      "I believe the current count is over twenty-one thousand killed or captured. We are still rounding up thousands of their horses and collecting vast amounts of armor and weapons," reported Kamar.
      "What of our own forces?" asked Mufasa, gesturing. A retainer brought him water, and he drank deeply. "What is the price for this?"
      "Seven thousand cavalry and fifty-six hundred infantry," said Kamar, "Safavid, that is, and the mercenaries say three thousand of their men are dead or wounded." He paused, seeing Mufasa wince, either from pain or anguish. "My lord, losses are expected. And many of the men are only wounded, and will heal in time. We - you, mostly - have won a great victory."

      "True enough," agreed the heir, "yet there will be many families mourning the loss of husbands, brothers and sons." He took another drink of water, then asked, "what of the leaders of the horde?"
      "We have not found Dhul Fiqar," admitted Kamar, "but he has suffered a great loss. I suspect he won't be Khan much longer. As for his ally Rumah of Al'Riadyh - most curious. None of the Al'Riadyh nomads - twenty thousand, I believe, were present when we struck at the Dubai. In fact none had been seen for days. Extremely fortunate for us! Apparently they'd been sent off to hunt down mutinous Qatari clansmen."
      "Qatari..." mused Mufasa. "Hazras! The old charmer will be impossible to live with at court after this."

      At dusk early in January 1410, Dhul Fiqar al-Baith and the leading Dubai rode toward the Ad'Dahna border village. Behind them stretched the warriors, families and what few beasts and wagons had been salvaged from their defeat. It had been a long withdrawal south through the very Kuwaiti lands they had previously pillaged with such zeal. Food was scarce and the Safavids were never far behind. Kuwaiti partisans had ambushed more than one foraging party. Riders had been sent to recall Rumah of Al'Riadyh from his pursuit of the mutinous Qatari. I never should have sent him after them in the first place, thought Dhul, I was overconfident, to split the horde. I won't make that mistake again. At least here we are safe from Safavid pursuit.
      Near the village most of the horde moved off the sand track to set up camp, since it was far larger than the village itself. Dhul Fiqar, guards, retainers and clan chiefs continued ahead into the village proper. The local inn had rooms enough for all, once the existing guests had been evicted. After a hearty meal, Dhul lay in a real bed rather than the hard ground, and sleep came quickly to his exhausted body.
      In the morning he was found with a with a blade of the al-Jibal clan through his ribs and into his heart. Guards tried to seize the chief of that clan, and the chief's retainers fought them. As the news spread, the Dubai began fighting among themselves, clan against clan. Order was restored by a young, charasmatic clan chief, Ras al Khanimah, who was not bound by blood to any of the clans fighting. He was accompanied not only by his own retainers but by a band of slightly darker skinned strangers who were among the first to hail him Khan.
      In the late spring, the Dubai crossed into the Al'Riadyh within sight of the border village where Rumah awaited them with his own host. "Hail Rumah of Al'Riadyh," called Ras as the two groups drew near, "I am Ras al Khanimah, Khan of the Dubai."
      If Rumah was surprised, he did not show it. The news probably reached him long before our arrival, thought Ras. Will he keep his alliance with the Dubai, or challenge me to be Khan? He is said to be a master of the sword, but I am younger by nine summers. For a long moment the two men looked at each other, as did their retainers. Then Rumah smiled.
      "Hail, new khan of the Dubai." Tension broke and hands all around moved away from sword hilts. "Come," Rumah continued, "let us share water."
      The two leaders rode side by side into the village, followed by retainers. It was late afternoon and the sun was low. Neither saw the arrows that came from the shadowed depths of a marketplace stall. Both men cried out as they pitched back off their horses. Retainers cursed and rushed forward, dismounting with reckless speed to chase after the assassins on foot through the maze of the town market.

      "There is a certain irony here," said Ras al Khanimah as the innkeeper cleared away the remains of a feast. "I wore a breastplate under my robes in case you challenged me. It saved my life alright, but not how I'd expected." He was bruised from the impact and the fall, but otherwise intact.
      "I was thinking the same thing," admitted Rumah. "My breastplate, too, proved life saving, but against arrow rather than sword." He moved painfully but had no lasting damage either.
      "You were both under Allah's protection," said a third man, slightly darker skinned than the other two. "The assassins cannot say the same, may Shaitan have their souls. This is a sign from Allah that the fortunes of the Dubai - including the Al'Riadyh - have changed."

The Sultanate of Sheba
Waliyudeen Mutlaq, Sultan of Sheba, Patriarch of Islam
Diplomacy: Hadramut(FA)
      Mutlaq ordered field fortifications built in strategic locations in regions bordering the Somali Sea: Ras Hafun, Scebeli and Mogadishu. Some flood control dams were built in Mombassa. He received a delegation of merchant captains who complained Chola had banned them from trade. Mutlaq promised to investigate.
      The Sultan sent missionaries on a lengthy voyage to Alabo to convert the population from its Hussite beliefs. Neither the Shebans nor the Venetians are very religious, and the missionary efforts - in a poor mixture of Arabic and Italian - were met with polite amusement by the population.
      Career diplomat Mahdi traveled by sea from Mogadishu to Hadramut. Although in his sixth decade of life, Mahdi was still persuasive and the Emir of Hadramut, Mukalla, agreed to ally with Sheba.
      Fadil, admiral of the fleet, took his warships up the coast from Aden to Dubai. The mission was peaceful, however, as he delivered surplus food to relieve famine in that desert region, as well as Faisal, the Sultan's representative. The fleet returned to Aden, the crews having gotten some needed training.
      The Sultan found time amid ruling to enjoy his concubines. One died in childbirth, but another bore him a daughter in 1410 and a son in 1412.

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The Rest of AFRICA
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African Cav Count: COMPLETE! - Cavalry must be imported before you can invest in the AQR.

The Island Kingdom of Comoros
Hussain the Handsome, Prime Minister of Comoros, Ruler of the Waves
Diplomacy: Mandaro in Mahabo(A)
Growth: Pemba in Zanzibar
      Hussain ordered some adjustments in merchant shipping as well as an extensive public works program in Sakalava. That done, he sailed to Mandaro where he spent quite a few years in patient negotiation with Moraf, the wily lord of that city. Ultimately Moraf was won over, and agreed to be an Ally of Comoros.
      Meanwhile lieutenant Abdallah oversaw the building and outfitting of heavy transports, and upon their completion carried excess Comoros populace to Zanzibar, where they expanded the city of Pemba.
      In early 1411, young Shirazi II came of age as a Prince. No sooner had celebrations finished and he held court for the first time than a delegation of merchant captains complained Chola had banned them from trade. With a sigh, he promised to investigate.

The Empire of Great Zimbabwe
Ayize, Emperor of Sofala, Master of the City of Round Towers
Diplomacy: Zambia(EA) Barotse(EA) Kiswana in Kilwa(F)
      Ayize commanded a royal road be built linking the regions of Me'Lela and Makura, and it was begun. Improvements were made to irrigation and sewage systems in both Malawai and Kilwa. More than one worker collapsed from heatstroke.
      Chief Poketale sailed down the African coast then up the Zambezi River, debarking at Zambia. There he was met by Prince Dingara, Lord Karis and Kumugumu Tallblade, and they spent over a year in conference with the Zambian lords. The Zambians were inclined to look down upon the Zimbabwe representatives as savage pagans, and at one point negotiations were halted and a minor member of the diplomatic entrouage was asked to leave Zambia. But Poketale was nothing if not charming, and he got the talks restarted, and at length the Zambians signed a treaty of economic alliance.
      Poketale's team then crossed the river into Bartose and spent long months talking to an assembly of Bartose chiefs. Negotiations went more smoothly, and a treaty of economic alliance was signed here too.
      Marukane, already in distant Aksum, continued his journey to the far, far north until at last he came to fabled El'Iskandria. Forcing himself not to gape like some ignorant country bumpkin, he wound his way through the magnificent buildings, fountains and statues to the main hall of the Merchants, delivering a message from his king.

      Meanwhile Prince Jomo and his assistant Mpundu traveled to the port of Kiswana, there to meet with city leaders. So impressed were the city folk that they agreed to become part of Greater Zimbabwe. Some days later both men completed yet another evening of celebratory drinking with their hosts, and as Jomo was readying himself for sleep he heard Mpundu cry out from his room. Jomo and others rushed to Mpundu's quarters and found the younger man shaking, eyes wide and rolled back in their sockets, sweat glistening on his forehead and soaking his robes. "He is possessed!" cried one. "He has the plague!" said another. "Back," commanded Jomo, "I have seen this before, in ju-ju men, when a vision comes to them. There are such in his family. Wait."
      Sure enough in a few minutes Mpundu slumped forward, head lolling slackly on his neck, breath shallow. Jomo, holding him, felt his heart racing, beating like a wild thing within his chest. "What is it?" asked Jomo, "what did you see?"
      "They gather in the unknown places," whispered Mpundu, "they will come, to take back what was once theirs."
      "Who comes?" demanded Jomo, sensing the fear within the other man, "tell me!"
      Mpundu shuddered, shook, mouth working soundlessly as he tried to explain. Finally he cried out in anguish, gasping "they are far older, far greater than men!" His eyes were bright with an awful madness. He lost consciousness and was dead shortly thereafter.
      Jomo looked around at the grim circle of retainers. "Speak of this under pain of death," he stated, and each retainer in turn nodded numbly. Jomo continued, "prepare his body for a funeral. Tell any who ask that his heart gave out." Jomo lay his assistant down carefully on the floor mat and stood. My king must know of this at once, he thought, heading back to his room to ink a message.

The Republic of Venice
Badoglio III, Doge of New Venice
Diplomacy: None
      Hundreds of miles to the northwest in the Kongo, Badoglio III's lieutenant Romeo had been preaching the word of God in the city of Tsenda. In early 1409 word arrived for him to continue such work in the Teke wilderness. But when his head of security went to deliver the Doge's message, Romeo was found dead of snakebite. Steeling himself, the officer - rather charasmatic himself, as the women of the Kongo court could attest - went to do the job himself. He managed to convert a small percentage of the rural population to the Hussite belief.
      At home, Badoglio ordered aquaducts built in Alabo and Nguni to bring water from the mountains, and irrigation ditches to distribute it. Work stagnated on cultivating Transkei and Xhosa as workers pulled weeds out from fields already cleared so they wouldn't backslide into wilderness. Late in 1409 a ship from Comoros docked in New Venice and a group of scholars found their way to the Ventian university campus.
      Meanwhile, Badoglio held court as rulers do, and as a virile 23-year-old, spent passionate nights with his wife. This resulted in a son in 1409, daughters in 1410 and 1411, and another son in 1412, bringing their total children to nine! His wife began to seriously consider joining a convent, and childless women invoked her name in prayers for fertility.
      Badoglio's younger brother Giancarlo was proclaimed by the Doge to be a Prince of the realm. A week of feasting and celebration ensued.

The Kingdom of the Kongo
Anjabu Minunge, Tallest of the Tall, The Big Man, Stomper of Little People
Diplomacy: Benin(EA)
      Once again, Anjabu concentrated nearly 100% of the Kingdom's resources on the cultivation of Vili, moving the project well along. In addition, public fountains were built in the capital of Soyo.
      In mid-1409 a Venetian ship arrived in Soyo. A large group of scholars, plus crates of texts, models and equipment were offloaded and escorted with honor to the Kongo university in Soyo.
      Djinge Manumbo, already in Benin, continued diplomatic talks with the local leaders. Towards the end of 1410, he died in his sleep at the age of 66. However a treaty of economic alliance had already been signed.
      Anjabu was to suffer more loss. His favorite concubine died in childbirth in 1409, and another concubine, pregnant in 1410, fell in the harem bath, hit her head on the marble tub and died without regaining consciousness. Thereafter his women looked at him with fear - perhaps he was cursed? - and shrank from his touch, and he gave up visiting them.
      With Anjabu's blessing, a group of Venetians preached in the rural villages of Teke, attempting to convert his people from pagan beliefs to Christianity. In the closing days of 1412 a group of shamen from Benin. Their robes were decorated with images of reeds and ibises from the Niger River, and their accents were of Benin.
      "Hear us, oh King," spoke their leader. "Woe be to they who turn their backs upon the beliefs of their ancestors. The elephant, image of strength. The crocodile, of great patience and sudden ambush. The ibis, who can sense the future. Cast not away the spirits of the animals for the god of a foreign people!"
      "Our ways trap us in the past, in superstition," replied Anjabu, "the foreign people have knowledge and wealth and power because of their God. We must embrace that God if we are to prosper."
      "Our ways have preserved us, and we must not abandon them!!" With a considerable effort the high shaman calmed himself. "Some of us - myself included - have a great sense of foreboding. Something terrible lies ahead! Mark my words! You will need us, not a foreign god, at your side!" And with that he turned and led his fellows from the throne room, leaving the assembled courtiers to exchange nervous glances, then look to Anjabu for guidance.

The Kanem-Bornu Empire
Nasem, Supreme Chief
Diplomacy: Nupe(C)
      Unlike past years, no gold flowed from Egypt to finance Nasem's plans for expansion. Worse, the Igiudir Horde were on the other side of the Niger. What wealth the Empire did have was spent on fortifying the homeland and increasing the royal army. Numerous government agencies also received grants to improve efficiency and expand capabilities.
      Queen Josmunde bore Nasem a son in 1409, but she died in childbirth in 1410. Nasem ordered national mourning. The queen's death seemed to cast a pall over the kingdom. adding to vague reports of "uneasy feelings" in the populace in Kam and Koumogo. Plus dread of the Iguidir.
      Meanwhile, lieutenant Saminwe had reached Nupe late in 1408, and began negotiations with the local leaders. With Kanem-Bornu on one border and the Iguidir across the river, the diplomats of Nupe played one against the other. Ultimately Saminwe was only able to get Nupe's leaders to agree Kanem-Bornu had some claim on their region. Not nearly what I'd hoped for, thought Saminwe, but better than them joining with the Igiudir.

The Igiudir Horde
Amir Al-Mu'mineen, Feared warlord of the Igiudir
      Diplomacy: None
      In the final months of 1408 the Igiudir, having cut a swath through Ghanan regions, turned southeast and ultimately halted in Oyo. But as he led his people through unfamiliar lands, Al-Mu'mineen had made a mistake. Once south of Zerma, the horses of the horde began dying in ever-increasing numbers. Too late the warlord learned from locals in Oyo of the disease-carrying tse tse fly. His herds were virtually wiped out and his mounted raiders reduced to foot soldiers. Clumsy foot soldiers. Embarassing.
      Rather than hide, the Amir made a point to visit every clan, every camp. He witnessed the burning of dead horses. He felt the sullen eyes of warriors, blaming him for the disaster. "Allah will watch over us, and will provide," he said repeatedly, "do not give in to despair. Food is plentiful and the Oyo people make strong slaves. We will rebuild our strength." As months passed he began to regain their confidence.
      But one evening a group of masked clansmen burst into his tent with drawn swords. Al-Mu'mineen's scimitar was in his hand almost instantly, and the first assassin's blow was parried, and the man beheaded on the backstroke. Two more the Amir dropped in their own blood with as many strokes. The last one got in a wicked slash, then the Amir's blade opened his belly and the masked one died trying to keep his intestines from spilling out.
      The Amir's chief bodyguard burst into his tent. "My lord!" he cried, "you are injured!"
      Al-Mu'mineen's scimitar moved so quickly it appeared the guard's head leaped from his neck on its own. "And a fine job of guarding you did, to let these traitors get past you!" he hissed. Tearing off masks, he cursed as he saw the dead men were, like his bodyguard, from his own clan. One, a longtime rival for leadership, the others his close followers. All cousins of his.
      Retainers, entering a moment later, gasped as they viewed the bodies and bloodsoaked rugs. "Allah watches over me yet," said the Amir, whose wound was slight, a nasty cut along the ribs. "Wrap these jackals in pig skin and bury them in the camp's waste pit!"

The Kingdom of the Akan
Akanosh of the Jaguar Tribe
Diplomacy: Yoruba(FA) Togo(-)
      Akanosh, all too aware of the Iguidir Horde on the kingdom's borders, spent much of the kingdom's wealth on building an army. The rest was distributed among various research for military improvements.
      That underway, the King ruled the nation, but also spent time with his concubines, siring a daughter in 1409 and another in 1410. It's good to be King he thought, as long as the Iguidir stay away.
      Meanwhile the smooth-talking diplomat Jebba, already in Yoruba, spent years in meetings with its wily lord Meko, finally persuading him to become a Feudal Ally in exchange for protection against the Iguidir. Moving on to Togo in 1412, Jebba met with local leaders there but failed to convince them to be more than economic allies.

The Arguin Directorate of Ghana
Orin Ghasim, Arguin Director of Ghana, Protector of Kumbi-Salem, Conqueror of Timbuktu
Diplomacy: Khalem(A) Segu(-)
      Aware of popular grumbling about the damaged royal road not being repaired yet, Ghasim sent laborers and materials to Gambia and put them to work. Further east in Segu the population - having fled the Iguidir Horde several years before - came back to their towns and farms. Life in Ghana began returning to normal, although General Toliver remained on alert with the army.
      While lieutenant Shamba administered the realm, the elderly Ghasim and his aide Eli, already in Khalem, met with their feudal ally for another round of diplomatic talks. Two years of intense discussion and late-night banquets took their toll and Ghasim died in his sleep in 1410 at the age of 70. Toliver, the heir, assumed the throne without incident. Eli stayed in Khalem to finalize the alliance Ghasim had negotiated.
      For four years, diplomat Omar had met with the local leadership of Segu. Despite his best efforts, the locals remained angry over the monarchy not defending them when the Iguidir swept through. "What have we to gain with a closer relationship with the Directorate?" asked one Segu chief, "you did nothing for us!" A chorus of agreement followed from other chiefs and Omar, increasingly frustrated, got into a shouting match with the chiefs. Suddenly there was a terrible pain inside his skull, dropping him to his knees, then everything went black. His retainers brought his body home for burial.

The Almohad Emirate of Morocco
Astaba ibn Sayid, Emir of Morocco
Diplomacy: Terhazza(t)
Growth: Algiers in Algeria, Mahidia in Tunisia
      Astaba expanded both Algiers and Mahidia as well as financing public fountains, water systems, sewage systems and other benefits across the Emirate. Forts were built and additional troops raised in several regions. Agents of the Emir reportedly questioned government employees but no one was arrested.
      While Astaba, Prince Mustafa and others remained vigilant with their respective armies in case of foreign invasion, Rasca Allafar traveled to the oasis of Terhazza on a diplomatic mission. A warrior more than a smooth-talker, he was still able to obtain an oath of tributary status from the Sheik of Terhazza, opening up the gold deposits there to Moroccan traders.
      Late in 1412, word came from Sardinia that a representative of the Madragian Emirate had been courting the good will of the local nobility. "Aleppon vultures!" vented Astaba when he heard of this, "Sardinia is ours!"


New Hordes: 1 in central Africa, 1 in eastern Europe, 1 in Arabia, 1 in western Asia
Why so many? Some were new for this turn, and some should have been placed last turn but were overlooked.


Lords of the Earth Campaign Campaign Four as of End Turn 63
Note: this listing does not include the 4 new Horde positions.
Note: name in RED indicates Temporary Player for this position.
ISI = overall ranking / MSI = military strength / ESI = economic ranking

ISI Nation Name MSI ESI Player Name Phone EMail
1 Holy Roman Empire 406.5 1 James Walker 505-542-9882  jhwalkerjr@hotmail.com
2 Chola Mandalam Empire 404.9 2 Allen Pitt   allenpit@optonline.net
3 Chin Empire of China 398.8 11 Keone Kreis   kreis.ix.netcom.com
4 Mamaluke Sultanate of Egypt 282.8 5 Ben Lynch   severian@throneworld.com
5 Empire of Greater Britannia 251.9 6 Mike Work 412-441-6159  shogun+@pitt.edu
6 Safavid Empire of Basra 238.0 7 Steve Cameron 610-522-9389  stevegamer@snip.net
7 Byzantine Empire 219.4 3 Jeffrey Smith 505-525-8271  kaladan@zianet.com
8 Kingdom of Aksum 202.0 8 Charles Hurst 503-653-1178  charlesh@teleport.com
9 Emirate of Turkman 192.8 16 Phil Baird 503-232-4880  phillipbaird@sprintmail.com
10 Republic of Sweden 183.9 9 John Schmid 412-441-6159  magus@spellcaster.org
11 Island Kingdom of Java 166.3 4 Matt Holy 217-351-4349  holyman@blight.com
12 Holy Imam of All Islam 140.2 19 Dean Patterson   0335992-0001@ev1.net
13 Roman Catholic Church 137.0 14 Open for a Player  
14 The Jung-Mo Empire (aka Korea) 132.0 26 Chet S.   chetb5@snet.net
15 Empire of Aragon 128.8 17 Scott Hartman   lostent@mystic.cnchost.com
16 Khemer Empire of Kambuja 117.0 15 Scott Murrell   scottdmurrell@yahoo.com
17 The Kyzl-Kom Horde 115.5 40 Sky Walker   anakin@throneworld.com
18 Almohad Emirate of Morocco 110.5 10 Tom Anderson 562-426-6649  fruckid@earthlink.net
19 Empire of Great Zimbabwe 108.4 29 (Thomas Harlan) 520-323-8570  thomash@throneworld.com
20 Hindu Primate 106.5 18 Eddie Efsic   eddieefsic@msn.com
21 Sultanate of Sheba 102.0 25 (Ed Allen) 415-260-0714  tgroove@earthlink.net
22 Empire of Nippon 101.0 22 Tim Gibney 512-281-4040  tgibney@yahoo.com
23 Madragian Emirate 101.0 27 Alarik Fritz 202-332-7987  alarikf@throneworld.com
24 Varangian Empire of Russia 97.8 24 Adam Rautio   adamisky@hotmail.com
25 Khemer Empire of Burma 93.9 13 (Keith St. Louis) 651-698-6576  jormungandr@excite.com
26 Khanate of Scythia 82.2 23 Open for a Player  
27 Empire of Sirinigar 78.8 12 François Lasalle   francois.lasalle@dfait-maeci.gc.ca
28 The Republic of Venice 78.0 31 Bob Spencer   tatra@scattercreek.com
29 Avar Kingdom of Hungary 73.4 21 Open for a Player  
30 Arguin Directorate of Ghana 67.4 35 Sam Ullmann   sam.ullmann@lmco.com
31 Alung-Gangri Horde 65.1 41 Open for a Player  
32 White Order of St. Demetrius 59.1 34 James Cochran 952-892-6049  jcochran@unique-software.com
33 Kingdom of Poland 57.1 28 François Lasalle   francois.lasalle@dfait-maeci.gc.ca
34 Kanem-Bornu Empire 56.2 30 Open for a Player  
35 Bei-Song (aka Manchu Kingdom) 55.8 37 Open for a Player  
36 Tumet Horde 53.7 46 Open for a Player  
37 Celestial Realm of Buddha 44.0 32 Open for a Player  
38 Island Kingdom of Comoros 39.7 33 John Kuo 510-654-6245  suczek@mindspring.com
39 The Merchant of El'Iskandria 39.2 20 Jeff Morrison 810-238-6425  morrison@throneworld.com
40 The Kingdom of Akan 35.6 38 Open for a Player  
41 The Kingdom of Kongo 23.6 36 Olivier Decome   olivier.decome@equant.com
42 The Dubai Horde 22.6 39 Open for a Player  
43 The Igiudir Horde 7.2 42 Open for a Player  

Lords of the Earth, Campaign Four
Lords of the Earth is a PBM ©2002 Throne Enterprises